====== References ======

===== Original Sources =====
Although original sources of the melodies were not documented by The Autophone Co., there are some possible assumptions.

==== Norwegian Hymns ====
=== Lindemans Koralbog ===

Within those cobs known as ++Norwegian Hymns|{{search>"Norwegian)" "-hymn-" @cobs}}++, there are two series of cobs which are found in **ascending alphabetical order**, namely #685 through #691 and #692 through #703. Since **all** of these titles may be found in the 1877 edition of **//Lindemans Koralbog//**, by ++Ludvig Mathias Lindeman|{{search>"Ludvig Mathias Lindeman" @cobs}}++, and since the arrangements and title spellings are very similar, it is likely the original source. A later edition, with additions by Oluf Glasøe, was published in 1899. The existance of //two// alphabetical series suggests that they may have been added at two distinct times.

++++Lindemans Koralbog title page|\\
^//Lindemans Koralbog (1877)//  ^//or, roughly translated: //  ^
|  **Koralbog**\\ indeholdende\\ **de i Landstadts Salmebog forekommende melodier**\\ ordnede og harmoniserede af Ludv. M. Lindeman\\ samt\\ **et anhang af melodier**\\ harmoniserede af komponister fra det 16de aarhundrede.\\ ---%%%%---%%%%---\\ ved kongelig resolution af 15de december 1877 autoriseret til brug ved gudstjenesten i Rigets Kirker\\ ---%%%%---%%%%---\\ Cappelens Forlag\\ Kristiana\\ 1891\\  |  **Chorus Book**\\ containing\\ **the recent melodies for Landstadt's Hymnal**\\ collected and harmonized by Ludv. M. Lindeman\\ and also\\ **favorite melodies**\\ harmonized by composers from the 16th century.\\ ---%%%%---%%%%---\\ according to royal decree of December 15, 1877, authorized for use with the quality services in High Churches\\ ---%%%%---%%%%---\\ Cappelens Printing((one of Norway's oldest publishing houses, founded in 1829--see: [[http://www.cappelen.no/]])) \\ Oslo((Oslo was called //Christiania// from 1624 to 1878, and //Kristiania// from 1878 to 1924))\\ 1891\\  |
^//Lindemans Koralbog (1899)//  ^//or, roughly translated: //  ^
|  **Koralbog,**\\ indeholdende\\ **Melodier til Salmebog for Lutherske Kristne i Amerika,**\\ til\\ Landstadts, Synodens og andre Salmeböger,\\ udsatte for blandet Kor, Orgel eller Pianoforte.\\ ---%%%%---%%%%---\\ **Ludv. M. Lindemans Koralbog**\\ med et\\ **Tillæg**\\ samlet og ordnet af Oluf Glasøe.\\ [Udgivet ester forlagskomiteens foranstaltning.]\\ Augsburg Publishing House,((Although the spelling of the publisher's name is in English, the font is Norwegian))\\ Minneapolis, Minn.\\ 1899.  |  **Chorus Book**,\\ containing\\ **Music for Hymnal for Lutheran Christian [Church] in America,**\\ for\\ Landstadts,((Landstad's Salmebog, 1869)) Synodens((Synodens Salmebog, 1874 (Norwegian Synod)%%%%)) and other Hymnals((Although the two named were the most popular in America, there were several others in use.)),\\ to be used for mixed Choir, Organ or Pianoforte.\\ ---%%%%---%%%%---\\ **Ludv. M. Lindeman's Chorus Book**\\ with an\\ **Addition**\\ collected and composed by Oluf Glasøe.\\ [Published according to standards committee permission.]\\ Augsburg Publishing House,\\ Minneapolis, Minn.\\ 1899.  |
++++
++++Lindemans Koralbog hymn numbers|\\
^Lindemans\\ Koralbog  ^Cob title  ^
|  #2|[[:cobs:685:]]|
|  #19|[[:cobs:686:]]|
|  #28|[[:cobs:687:]]|
|  #80|[[:cobs:688:]]|
|  #82|[[:cobs:689:]]|
|  #143|[[:cobs:690:]]|
|  #177|[[:cobs:691:]]|
|||
|  #1|[[:cobs:692:]]|
|  #5|[[:cobs:693:]]|
|  #22|[[:cobs:694:]]|
|  #31|[[:cobs:695:]]|
|  #37|[[:cobs:696:]]|
|  #44|[[:cobs:697:]]|
|  #49|[[:cobs:698:]]|
|  #57|[[:cobs:699:]]|
|  #58|[[:cobs:700:]]|
|  #66|[[:cobs:701:]]|
|  #90|[[:cobs:702:]]|
|  #135|[[:cobs:703:]]|
++++
[[:cobs:685:lindemans]]\\
[[:cobs:692:lindemans]]\\

=== Hendersons Koralbog ===
Several Norwegian Hymns are not listed in the series above, namely #666 through #671. Since **all** of these titles may be found in the 1865 edition of **//Hendersons Koralbog//**, by Knud Henderson (1835-after 1924), and since the arrangements and title spellings are very similar, it is likely the original source.

++++Hendersons Koralbog title page|\\
^//Hendersons Koralbog (1887)//  ^//or, roughly translated: //  ^
|  **Koral-bog,**\\ indeholdende\\ **Melodier for Salmer og aandelige Sange,**\\ tilligemed et Udvalg af "Anthems,"\\ samt\\ **Musikskole som Veiledning til Sangøvelser.**\\ Envende betndelig forøgede Udgave\\ ved\\ Knud Henderson,\\ Organist.\\ ---%%%%---%%%%---\\ **Chicago**\\ Scandinaven's Boghandel,\\ 1887  |  **Chorus Book,**\\ containing\\ **Melodies for Songs and Sacred Song,**\\ together with a Selection of "Anthems,"\\ plus\\ **Schoolmusic as Guidance for Song Instruction.**\\ Single complete enlarged Edition\\ by\\ Knud Henderson,\\ Organist.\\ ---%%%%---%%%%---\\ **Chicago**\\ Scandinaven's Bookshop\\ 1887  |
^//Hendersons Koralbog (1918)//  ^//or, roughly translated: //  ^
|  **Koralbog**\\ indeholdende\\ **Melodier for Salmer og aandelige Sange tilligemed et Udvalg af "Anthems"**\\ samt\\ **Musikskole som Veiledning til Sangøvelser**\\ ---%%%%---%%%%---\\ **... Med Register over ...**\\ Melodier til Salmer i den nye Landstads Salmebog samt den norske Synodes\\ Tolvte Udgave\\ **Knud Henderson**\\ Organist\\ **Chicago**\\ **John Anderson Publishing Co.**\\ Eiere Scandinavens Boghandel\\ 1918  |  **Chorus Book**\\ containing\\ **Melodies for Songs and Sacred Song together with a Selection of "Anthems"**\\ plus\\ **Schoolmusic as Guidance for Song Instruction**\\ ---%%%%---%%%%---\\ **... Along With an Index over ...**\\ Melodies to Songs in the new Landstads Hymnal((Landstad's Salmebog, 1869)) and the Norwegian Synods((Synodens Salmebog, 1874 (Norwegian Synod)%%%%))\\ Twelfth Edition\\ **Knud Henderson**\\ Organist\\ **Chicago**\\ **John Anderson Publishing Co.**\\ Eiere Scandinavens Bookshop\\ 1918  |
++++
++++Hendersons Koralbog hymn numbers|\\
^Hendersons\\ Koralbog  ^Cob title  ^
|  #43|[[:cobs:666:]]|
|  #77|[[:cobs:667:]]|
|  #20|[[:cobs:668:]]|
|  #202|[[:cobs:669:]]|
|  #23|[[:cobs:670:]]|
|  #107|[[:cobs:671:]]|
++++
[[:cobs:666:hendersons]]\\


==== Swedish Hymns ====
=== 1819 Års Koralbok ===

Within those cobs known as ++Swedish Hymns|{{search>"Swedish)" "-hymn-" @cobs}}++, there are two series of cobs, namely #74 through #77 and #94 through #98. Since **all** of these titles may be found in the **//1819 Års Koralbok//** (companion to the //Svenska Psalm-Boken Af År 1819//, otherwise known as the //Wallinska psalmboken//), the official hymn book in use until the 1937 edition, and since the arrangements are very similar, it is likely the original source. The existance of //two// series suggests that they may have been added at two distinct times.

++++1819 Års Koralbok title page|\\
^//1819 Års Koralbok//  ^//or, roughly translated: //  ^
|  **Svenska**\\ **Psalm-Boken**\\ Af År 1819\\ Öfversedd af J.H. Thomander och P. Wieselgren.\\ Förenad Med\\ **Koral-Bok**\\ Och\\ Svenska messan med körer för sopran-, alt-,\\ tenor- och basröster.\\ ---%%%%---%%%%---\\ Rock Island Ill.\\ Augusta Book Concern  |  **Swedish**\\ **Hymnal**\\ Of Year 1819\\ Edited by J.H. Thomander and P. Wieselgren.\\ Joined With\\ **Chorus Book**\\ And\\ Swedish music with choral parts for soprano, alto,\\ tenor and bass voices.\\ ---%%%%---%%%%---\\ Rock Island Ill.\\ Augusta Book Concern  |
++++
++++1819 Års Koralbok hymn numbers|\\
^1819 Års\\ Koralbok  ^Cob title  ^
|  #198|[[:cobs:74:]]|
|  #136|[[:cobs:75:]]|
|  #77|[[:cobs:76:]]|
|  #35|[[:cobs:77:]]|
|||
|  #8|[[:cobs:94:]]|
|  #47|[[:cobs:95:]]|
|  #24|[[:cobs:96:]]|
|  #51|[[:cobs:97:]]|
|  #104|[[:cobs:98:]]|
++++
[[:cobs:74:1819koralbok]]\\

There are great differences between the titles of the cobs and the song lyrics. In some cases, it appears that the cob titles were kept specifically vague, perhaps to allow association with multiple lyrics. For instance [[:cobs:74:]] is commonly sung as "Jag tackar dig, min högste Gud!", but there are also several other popular lyrics. Where a specific text is associated, the cob name is often shorter and more casual. For instance [[:cobs:94:]] is really "Jesus Är Min Vän Den Bäste" (lit. trans. "Jesus is my friend, the best"). Or [[:cobs:95:]] is the title for the song which begins: "O Jesu Krist, du nådens brunn, Du livets rena källa!" (lit. trans. "O Jesus Christ, you pardon //[the "mercy" of the cob title]// well, you clean source //[the "well" of the cob title]// of life").
++++Cob titles compared to song lyrics:|\\
^  Cob title  ^  Song lyrics  ^  literal translation  ^
|[[:cobs:74:]]  |Jag tackar dig, min högste Gud!  |I thank you, my highest God!  |
|[[:cobs:75:]]  |Ljus av ljus, o morgonstjärna  |Light by light, O Morning Star  |
|[[:cobs:76:]]  |Jesus, djupa såren dina  |Jesus, Your deep wounds  |
|[[:cobs:77:]]  |Gud låter sina trogna här  |God will keep the faithful  |
||||
|[[:cobs:94:]]  |Jesus Är Min Vän Den Bäste  |Jesus is my friend, the best  |
|[[:cobs:95:]]  |O Jesu Krist, du nådens brunn  |O Jesus Christ, you pardon //[mercy]// well, you clean source //[well]// of life  |
|[[:cobs:96:]]  |Allena Gud i himmelrik  |God alone in heaven  |
|[[:cobs:97:]]  |Gläd Dig, Du Kristi Brud  |Rejoice, you bride of Christ  |
|[[:cobs:98:]]  |Nu kommen är vår påskafröjd  |Now comes our Easter joy  |
++++


==== German Hymns With English Title Translations ====
There is a sequence of popular hymns of German origin which are curiously listed under the translations of their titles. Surely few persons would have known them by these names! Perhaps the titles were taken from a single unknown source? Many were popularized by Bach, and Max Reger (1873-1916) included all of these songs in 1914 his //Dreissig kleine Choralvorspiele zu den gebräuchlichsten Chorälen// (30 Short Chorale Preludes).

^German Name^Translation^
|Valet Will Ich Dir Geben|[[:cobs:604:]]|
|Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her|[[:cobs:605:]]|
|Freu dich sehr, o meine Seele|[[:cobs:606:]]|
|Es ist gewisslich an der Zeit|[[:cobs:607:]]|
|Nun Danket Al­le Gott|[[:cobs:608:]]|
\\

==== Hymns ====
One popular hymnal of the era was //**Gospel Hymns Consolidated, Embracing Volumes 1, 2, 3 and 4**, Without Duplicates, for use in gospel meetings and other religious services -- 1883, Biglow & Main, and John Church & Co.// Due a discrepancy between the title and content of [[:cobs:750:]], as associated with this hymnal, it appears to have been the original source for at least that one melody. (See the note on [[:cobs:750:]])

/*Editors: I plan to look more closely at this, to see if more might be verifiable. */

===== Composers =====

==== Period Advertisements ====
Most advertisements and brochures list only the titles of cobs, but these list some names of composers (or arrangers) along with the titles.

=== Grand Roller Organ, A Musical Wonder ===
An undated trifold brochure listing only the Grand Roller Organ and its music. Sacred titles are listed through #3014 and popular titles through #2140.

=== Sears, Roebuck & Co. 1900 catalog ===
//Grand Roller Organ, A Musical Wonder// -- an abridged list of popular titles through #3014 and a list of sacred titles through #2140. (This appears to be based on the same information as the more complete list above.)

=== World Manufacturing Co. brochure ===
//Music Catalogue// -- a single sheet brochure, the back listing sacred titles through #54 and popular titles through #230.

===== Composers, Lyricists and Lyrics =====

==== Sheet Music Collections ====
The following references are excellent online sources of information:
\\

  *[[http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/sheetmusic/|Duke University Historic American Sheet Music]]
  *[[http://www.letrs.indiana.edu/cgi/b/bib/bib-idx?g=sheetmusic|Indiana University Sheet Music Collections]]
  *[[http://levysheetmusic.mse.jhu.edu|Johns Hopkins University Levy Collection]]
  *[[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html|Library Of Congress - American Memory]]
  *[[http://digital.nypl.org/lpa/nypl/lpa_home4.html|New York Public Library Performing Arts in America]]
  *[[http://digital.library.ucla.edu/apam/|UCLA Archive of Popular American Music]]

===== Other =====

==== Period Advertisements ====
Although hundreds of advertisements and brochures exist, these have large tune lists or significant information:

=== Standard Manufacturing Co. brochure ===
//The Wonderful Home Music Box// -- a large, undated single sheet brochure, printed both sides, with titles arranged into categories.

=== Christian Herald brochure ===
//A Perfect Musical Instrument ... Using Music Rollers Made of Wood and Steel// -- a large, undated single sheet brochure, printed both sides, with titles arranged into categories.

=== A Perfect Musical Instrument ===
//... Using Music Rollers Made of Wood and Steel// -- an undated single sheet brochure, printed both sides, with titles arranged numerically. Found as both a Standard Organ Co. brochure, and as an unattributed brochure.

=== Catalogue and Price List of Roller Organs and Music ===
A small, undated 12-page brochure, advertising the Gem and Concert, with titles arranged alphabetically.